BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL Functional Response of the Tiger Beetle Megacephala carolina carolina (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on Twolined Spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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چکیده
The functional response of the tiger beetle Megacephala carolina carolina L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was determined on adult twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), and fourth instars of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in single-prey and two-prey systems. In the laboratory,M. carolina carolina demonstrateda type II functional response forP.bicincta and S. frugiperda inboth singleand two-prey systems. Search efÞciency ofM. carolinadeclined for bothprey as the initial number of prey increased. Of the total prey consumed,M. carolina carolina killed signiÞcantly more S. frugiperda than P. bicincta in the single-prey system (8.0 and 4.5, respectively) and the two-prey system (5.0 and 2.0, respectively). Estimates of attack coefÞcient, a, were not signiÞcantly different for P. bicincta and S. frugiperda in the single-prey (0.07 and 0.02) and two-prey systems (0.04 and 0.06), respectively. The handling time, Th,was signiÞcantly greater for P. bicincta (5.02 and 10.64 h) than for S. frugiperda (2.66 and4.41h) in singleand two-prey systems, respectively.Estimationsof attackcoefÞcient andhandling time in the single-prey systemwere used to predict prey preference ofM. carolina carolina. No strong prey switching response was observed. M. carolina carolina showed no preference for either prey. However, in the presence of S. frugiperda, the functional response of the predator for P. bicincta was reduced. M. carolina carolina is a potential predator of one or more turfgrass pests and should be considered in conservation efforts.
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